CALENDAR
Tuesday, November 7 Journey of Discovery Live Oak hosts 5:30-8:00
Wednesday, November 8 Journey of Discovery Jacaranda hosts5:30-8:00
Friday, November 10 Veteran’s Day—school & childcare closed
Tuesday, November 14 Journey of Discovery Ginkgo hosts 5:30-8:00
Wednesday, November 15 Journey of Discovery Magnolia hosts 5:30-8:00
Thursday, November 16 Journey of Discovery Juniper hosts 5:30-8:00
Wed., Nov 22-Fri., Nov 24 Thanksgiving Break—school closed
PLANS FOR THE ELEMENTARY PROGRAM
GLM is committed to expanding its elementary program and staff this year and the next school year. At present there is an elementary teacher, (Tania Gilliam), a Spanish teacher/ assistant (Claudia Velasquez), a music instructor (Erik Hoffman) and a classroom assistant who also supervises after school (Aaron Brown). Ms. Velasquez is modifying her hours for medical reasons, but continuing to provide Spanish instruction. A recruitment team composed of Helen Campbell, Tania Gilliam and Kathy Brunner—an elementary colleague and friend to GLM—will be interviewing Montessori teacher candidates to join the staff for 2007.
NEW SCHOOL SWEATSHIRTS AVAILABLE
We’re printing new GLM sweatshirts in purple with gold GLM logo on the front and the words, “Making childhood a journey, not a race. Grand Lake Montessori, Oakland, CA” on the back. We would like each of the elementary class kids to have one for field trips. The color makes it easier to identify the GLM kids in big crowds. We also still have tshirts available.
Sweatshirts are $25.00 each for SM, MED AND LG. XL and XXL are $28.00. Tshirts are $12.00
PLEASE NOTE: Orders need to sent to Celeste Grinage at crgrinage@yahoo.com by November 3.
JOURNEYS OF DISCOVERY
Journeys of Discovery are a unique way for parents to investigate the expansive scope and sequence of a Montessori education. This system of education is entering its 100th year, and it is now well documented through research on the brain, that the powers of the human being are crucially formed in the first 12 years of life.
Come join other GLM parents in November for a playful evening socializing and exploring the exceptional curriculum. These evenings include free childcare/dinner at the Brown Cottage and dinner for adults only at Rosemary House. Your hosts will be GLM staff and 3 Montessori elementary teachers. There will be hands-on activities with other adults, and time for questions and comments.
SCHEDULE
5:30-6 PM: Dinner for parents in the Rosemary House, 474-A Chetwood (children eat at Brown Cottage).
6-8 PM: Adjourn to host classroom. Teachers demonstrate (with lots of parent participation) and guide parents through various modes of learning.
November 7, Tuesday LIVE OAK hosts: Monica MacDonald, Erin Hennigan, Su Wen Yang, Helen Campbell, Tania Gilliam, Kathy Brunner
November 8, Wednesday JACARANDA hosts: Sid Leck, Mica Olivares, Amanda Hyer, Shahida Saleem, Andy Keating, Helen Campbell, Tania Gilliam, Kathy Brunner
November 14, Tuesday GINGKO hosts: Deserae McClinden, Daisy Shah, Sid Leck, Leta Koerber, Helen Campbell, Tania Gilliam, Kathy Brunner.
November 15, Wednesday MAGNOLIA hosts: Mica Olivares, Anne Jeronimus, Daisy Shah, Awa Dia, Helen Campbell, Tania Gilliam, Kathy Brunner
November 16, Thursday JUNIPER hosts: Leta Koerber, Deserae McClinden, Erin Hennigan, Su-Wen Yang, Helen Campbell, Tania Gilliam, and Kathy Brunner
PLEASE RSVP SO THE SCHOOL CAN PLAN FOR SPECIAL DINNERS AND STAFFING FOR THE CHILDREN, 510-836-4313.
TUFF TUMBLERS
Tuff Tumblers started its new session on Wednesday, October 25th and Friday, October 27th!!
Class times are 3:00, 3:45, and 4:30pm. There are still spaces available for your child, so give the office a call if you’d like to register your child.
SCHOOL DIRECTORY
Next week, drafts of the 2006/07 school directory and your class e-mail list will be on the sign-in clipboards. Please proofread both next week, so we can publish this school year’s directory ASAP.
Thank you!
SOUND OF THE WEEK
Each Wednesday your child is encouraged, with your help, to find an object at home (preferably not a toy) that begins with the sound of the week. Put it in a labeled bag to share with your child’s class. Next week’s sound is “H” as in Hat, Hen, and Hook.
CLASS NEWS
Camellia
Our Halloween celebration is this Friday, October 27. Thank you to all the parents who sign up to help. Also, thank you for bringing in a pumpkin for our beautiful pumpkin patch out in the Mulberry yard.
It has been a busy week in the Camellia classroom. All the children are busy stamping and gluing their bats. One child asked, “Mr. Tien, there’s no more bats on the tray. Can you please make some more?” Mr. Tien said, “Yes, I can. I like how you ask.” The grace and courtesy lessons are coming along smoothly.
This week the sound of the week was “G”. Children brought in a guitar, grass, grapes, garlic and a picture of a goat. Next week the sound is “H”: Hat, Handprint, Hangar.
Quote of the Week: Freedom to Move
If we observe young ones, it becomes obvious that they need to move. Freedom of movement feeds the developing brain and surely as nutrition does, and your baby needs a steady diet of exploration. Create a safe, interesting home environment and get out of the way! Sometimes the adult can be a roadblock to learning (from the Infants and Toddlers Magazine).
Ginkgo
We would like to thank Mintra El Boghdadi’s dad, Nehme El Boghdadi, for coming in and doing a Ramadan celebration with the Ginkgo children. The children enjoyed listening to the story of Ramadan and they especially enjoyed trying the snack. There is a special drink that they have at the Islamic Festival of Breaking the Fast. The drink is a mixture of grape juice and rose water. The children loved it! He also brought in Emirates dates for the children to taste.
Thank to Maria Saliba, Zacary’s mom and Joanne Yoshimura, Ben Morgan’s mom, for coming in and making Halloween bags with the children. The bags will be used during the Halloween celebration.
Maria also came into the classroom to share a story about her and Zacary’s vacation to New York City. She shared pictures of the Empire State Building and their trip to see dinosaur fossils at a local museum.
We encourage families to come in and share pictures and experiences when they go on vacations.
We would also like to thank all the families that helped in preparation for our school-wide Halloween celebration. The children are looking forward to that special day.
Jacaranda
• Ginni Sackett's lecture was well attended on Monday evening, Ginni shared her Montessori experience and study of the child with the assembly.
• She talked about the "universal child" who has an internal, natural plan, and that in order to support the child "staying on the plan," "follow the child."
• In the classroom, this translates into observing what the child is interested in, and to follow that interest in a teachable moment. For instance, if the child is enjoying counting and has an interest in animals, we will gather some animals and count the animals with the child.
• This is an example of making the child's experience concrete and sensorial; that is, actually picking up the animals and counting them as opposed to having them count pictures of animals in a book or on a computer screen. The images are too abstract for young children.
• Ginni reminds all parents to remember that you are your child's partner in his or her learning experience.
• Remember to sign up for an observation of your child's experience in the Jacaranda classroom. See the sign-up sheet on the Jacaranda clipboard.
• Also remember the Jacaranda get together at the Knowlton's on Saturday.
Juniper
*Share your family's culture!*
The holiday season is a perfect time to share your family's unique culture. There are so many heritages that celebrate days that are important to them during this time of year, and we encourage you to spend a little time with the Juniper children sharing what's important to you and your family. Perhaps you have a book you can read, food you can share, dances you can teach, or poems you can recite that reflect your culture. The children love learning about different cultures, so come on in!
*Thank You!*
Thank you to all of the parents who helped make Juniper and Jacaranda's Halloween celebration a success.
*Balance Beam*
Some of you may have noticed the balance beam on Juniper's deck. Made by Bill Wright (who does so much for us) and stained by Won Hwi's parents, this beam is available to the children during their regular work period. In this way, children who have a need to exercise and practice their whole body movement can do so.
*Observations*
It's observation season, but despite the flow of visitors in and out of our classroom the children are working and focused. In fact, the children are in charge of welcoming visitors, showing them where they can sit, and answering questions. This is a good opportunity for them to demonstrate their ownership of the classroom.
*Wood Working*
The Juniper children now have the option to do some wood working tasks in Juniper's yard. We have set up a log that they can use for hammering, drilling and sanding. So far the children have been very excited to use it, often queuing-up to wait for their turn. For more information, ask your child!
Live Oak
We are seeing some great lunches coming to school and wanted to share with everyone.
1. Salmon, baked potato and raw vegetable.
2. Beans and rice, raw green beans and fruit.
3. Fried rice with vegetables, fruit and crackers.
4. Chicken salad sandwich with spinach leaves and fruit.
5. Dolmas, rice and fruit.
6. Burrito, fruit, whole peas.
It makes us very happy to see the children involved in their lunch making and decisions.
Please help us demonstrate the model for healthy eating and a healthy planet by sending only nutritious foods in re-usable or biodegradable containers.
If you missed Ginnie Sackett the other evening you really missed an awesome evening.
Her directness and message about our children was very clear. The benefits of raising children using Montessori methods work and don’t miss the periods of growth that are necessary to a child’s development.
Don’t forget a week from Tuesday. Please mark it on your calendar. November 7 at 5:30 is dinner here at the Rosemary House. Then we have a great evening of fun planned for you in our classroom as we discover the materials the way the children do and see the progression from 2 years through elementary.
If you haven’t heard, we have a new child in our class. We welcome Lucy Clifford and her family to Live Oak.
Magnolia
All of the children have been enjoying working in the outdoor classroom. The most popular job seems to be cloth washing, especially scrubbing the dirty clothes against the washboard.
Happy birthday to Isaiah—we shared a lovely fruit snack together on his 5th birthday.
We have also been busy getting ready for our Halloween festival. The children made festive bags to hold all their crafts and goodies as well as carved pumpkins. Thank you Katya, Isa's mom, for helping us with this.
We have begun learning the various names for the anatomy of the fish, and we will have a surprise live fishy guest next week from Ms. Olivares’s house to help us with our study.
Mulberry
The Mulberry class has been getting ready for our Halloween celebration this Friday October 27. We carved a large pumpkin on Thursday. A lot of the children didn't want to touch the slimy seeds. After we carved the pumpkin Megan and Nico drew on the pumpkin with glitter paint pens. Thank you to all of the parents who have contributed pumpkins for our patch and have helped us prepare for our Halloween celebration.
For sound of the week we had glasses, goggles and a ghost. Next week’s sound is "H".
A reminder to all parents to label everything. Tish labeled Blair’s nap blanket bag with a picture of Blair. What a great idea! Now Blair recognizes her own blanket without help.
Quote of the week from Infants and Toddlers Magazine: Freedom to Move. If we observe young ones, it becomes obvious that they need to move. Freedom of movement feeds the developing brain as surely as nutrition does, and your baby needs a steady diet of exploration. Create a safe, interesting home environment, and get out of the way! Sometimes the adult can be a roadblock to learning.
Song of the week:
The witch is here to stay, the witch is here to stay.
Hi ho, it's Halloween,
The witch is here to stay.
The witch takes the cat, the witch takes the cat
Hi ho, it's Halloween,
The witch takes the cat.
The cat takes the bat...…
The bat takes the ghost......
The ghost takes the pumpkin.......
Redwood
The elementary children went to Half Moon Bay to visit Anos Nuevos Flowers and Pumpkin Patch. It was a great field trip! The farm has 17 different varieties of pumpkins! The children each got 4 pumpkins for $5.00! They got a gigantic pumpkin (thank you, Mr. Brown, for carrying these pumpkins that weighed up to 40 lbs.), a white pumpkin, a Cinderella pumpkin, and a sweet baby pumpkin! We learned about the irrigation system...they use a rain-filled reservoir to water the flowers and the pumpkins. And they are making the transition to an all organic farm! We had lunch on the farm and then headed for the beach. The children had so much fun running from the waves and getting their legs wet. It was so exciting for the children to visit a place they don't normally get to go to! On the way we passed a trout farm and some commercialized pumpkin patches. The children, due to the long drive, were in awe of the many other pumpkin patches; however, when we finally got to the farm and they saw the pumpkins, it was so worth it! We saw pumpkins that were blue! We saw pumpkins that looked as if they had peanut shells sprayed on them! We saw pumpkins that were swirled with blues and greens! Thank you so much to Heidi, Laura, and Marcia for driving
GRAND LAKE MONTESSORI NEWSLETTER
OCTOBER 27, 2006
CALENDAR
Tuesday, November 7 Journey of Discovery Live Oak hosts 5:30-8:00
Wednesday, November 8 Journey of Discovery Jacaranda hosts5:30-8:00
Friday, November 10 Veteran’s Day—school & childcare closed
Tuesday, November 14 Journey of Discovery Ginkgo hosts 5:30-8:00
Wednesday, November 15 Journey of Discovery Magnolia hosts 5:30-8:00
Thursday, November 16 Journey of Discovery Juniper hosts 5:30-8:00
Wed., Nov 22-Fri., Nov 24 Thanksgiving Break—school closed
PLANS FOR THE ELEMENTARY PROGRAM
GLM is committed to expanding its elementary program and staff this year and the next school year. At present there is an elementary teacher, (Tania Gilliam), a Spanish teacher/ assistant (Claudia Velasquez), a music instructor (Erik Hoffman) and a classroom assistant who also supervises after school (Aaron Brown). Ms. Velasquez is modifying her hours for medical reasons, but continuing to provide Spanish instruction. A recruitment team composed of Helen Campbell, Tania Gilliam and Kathy Brunner—an elementary colleague and friend to GLM—will be interviewing Montessori teacher candidates to join the staff for 2007.
NEW SCHOOL SWEATSHIRTS AVAILABLE
We’re printing new GLM sweatshirts in purple with gold GLM logo on the front and the words, “Making childhood a journey, not a race. Grand Lake Montessori, Oakland, CA” on the back. We would like each of the elementary class kids to have one for field trips. The color makes it easier to identify the GLM kids in big crowds. We also still have tshirts available.
Sweatshirts are $25.00 each for SM, MED AND LG. XL and XXL are $28.00. Tshirts are $12.00
PLEASE NOTE: Orders need to sent to Celeste Grinage at crgrinage@yahoo.com in by November 3.
JOURNEYS OF DISCOVERY
Journeys of Discovery are a unique way for parents to investigate the expansive scope and sequence of a Montessori education. This system of education is entering its 100th year, and it is now well documented through research on the brain, that the powers of the human being are crucially formed in the first 12 years of life.
Come join other GLM parents in November for a playful evening socializing and exploring the exceptional curriculum. These evenings include free childcare/dinner at the Brown Cottage and dinner for adults only at Rosemary House. Your hosts will be GLM staff and 3 Montessori elementary teachers. There will be hands-on activities with other adults, and time for questions and comments.
SCHEDULE
5:30-6 PM: Dinner for parents in the Rosemary House, 474-A Chetwood (children eat at Brown Cottage).
6-8 PM: Adjourn to host classroom. Teachers demonstrate (with lots of parent participation) and guide parents through various modes of learning.
November 7, Tuesday LIVE OAK hosts: Monica MacDonald, Erin Hennigan, Su Wen Yang, Helen Campbell, Tania Gilliam, Kathy Brunner
November 8, Wednesday JACARANDA hosts: Sid Leck, Mica Olivares, Amanda Hyer, Shahida Saleem, Andy Keating, Helen Campbell, Tania Gilliam, Kathy Brunner
November 14, Tuesday GINGKO hosts: Deserae McClinden, Daisy Shah, Sid Leck, Leta Koerber, Helen Campbell, Tania Gilliam, Kathy Brunner.
November 15, Wednesday MAGNOLIA hosts: Mica Olivares, Anne Jeronimus, Daisy Shah, Awa Dia, Helen Campbell, Tania Gilliam, Kathy Brunner
November 16, Thursday JUNIPER hosts: Leta Koerber, Deserae McClinden, Erin Hennigan, Su-Wen Yang, Helen Campbell, Tania Gilliam, and Kathy Brunner
PLEASE RSVP SO THE SCHOOL CAN PLAN FOR SPECIAL DINNERS AND STAFFING FOR THE CHILDREN, 510-836-4313.
TUFF TUMBLERS
Tuff Tumblers started its new session on Wednesday, October 25th and Friday, October 27th!!
Class times are 3:00, 3:45, and 4:30pm. There are still spaces available for your child, so give the office a call if you’d like to register your child.
SCHOOL DIRECTORY
Next week, drafts of the 2006/07 school directory and your class e-mail list will be on the sign-in clipboards. Please proofread both next week, so we can publish this school year’s directory ASAP.
Thank you!
SOUND OF THE WEEK
Each Wednesday your child is encouraged, with your help, to find an object at home (preferably not a toy) that begins with the sound of the week. Put it in a labeled bag to share with your child’s class. Next week’s sound is “H” as in Hat, Hen, and Hook.
CLASS NEWS
Camellia
Our Halloween celebration is this Friday, October 27. Thank you to all the parents who sign up to help. Also, thank you for bringing in a pumpkin for our beautiful pumpkin patch out in the Mulberry yard.
It has been a busy week in the Camellia classroom. All the children are busy stamping and gluing their bats. One child asked, “Mr. Tien, there’s no more bats on the tray. Can you please make some more?” Mr. Tien said, “Yes, I can. I like how you ask.” The grace and courtesy lessons are coming along smoothly.
This week the sound of the week was “G”. Children brought in a guitar, grass, grapes, garlic and a picture of a goat. Next week the sound is “H”: Hat, Handprint, Hangar.
Quote of the Week: Freedom to Move
If we observe young ones, it becomes obvious that they need to move. Freedom of movement feeds the developing brain and surely as nutrition does, and your baby needs a steady diet of exploration. Create a safe, interesting home environment and get out of the way! Sometimes the adult can be a roadblock to learning (from the Infants and Toddlers Magazine).
Ginkgo
We would like to thank Mintra El Boghdadi’s dad, Nehme El Boghdadi, for coming in and doing a Ramadan celebration with the Ginkgo children. The children enjoyed listening to the story of Ramadan and they especially enjoyed trying the snack. There is a special drink that they have at the Islamic Festival of Breaking the Fast. The drink is a mixture of grape juice and rose water. The children loved it! He also brought in Emirates dates for the children to taste.
Thank to Maria Saliba, Zacary’s mom and Joanne Yoshimura, Ben Morgan’s mom, for coming in and making Halloween bags with the children. The bags will be used during the Halloween celebration.
Maria also came into the classroom to share a story about her and Zacary’s vacation to New York City. She shared pictures of the Empire State Building and their trip to see dinosaur fossils at a local museum.
We encourage families to come in and share pictures and experiences when they go on vacations.
We would also like to thank all the families that helped in preparation for our school-wide Halloween celebration. The children are looking forward to that special day.
Jacaranda
• Ginni Sackett's lecture was well attended on Monday evening, Ginni shared her Montessori experience and study of the child with the assembly.
• She talked about the "universal child" who has an internal, natural plan, and that in order to support the child "staying on the plan," "follow the child."
• In the classroom, this translates into observing what the child is interested in, and to follow that interest in a teachable moment. For instance, if the child is enjoying counting and has an interest in animals, we will gather some animals and count the animals with the child.
• This is an example of making the child's experience concrete and sensorial; that is, actually picking up the animals and counting them as opposed to having them count pictures of animals in a book or on a computer screen. The images are too abstract for young children.
• Ginni reminds all parents to remember that you are your child's partner in his or her learning experience.
• Remember to sign up for an observation of your child's experience in the Jacaranda classroom. See the sign-up sheet on the Jacaranda clipboard.
• Also remember the Jacaranda get together at the Knowlton's on Saturday.
Juniper
*Share your family's culture!*
The holiday season is a perfect time to share your family's unique culture. There are so many heritages that celebrate days that are important to them during this time of year, and we encourage you to spend a little time with the Juniper children sharing what's important to you and your family. Perhaps you have a book you can read, food you can share, dances you can teach, or poems you can recite that reflect your culture. The children love learning about different cultures, so come on in!
*Thank You!*
Thank you to all of the parents who helped make Juniper and Jacaranda's Halloween celebration a success.
*Balance Beam*
Some of you may have noticed the balance beam on Juniper's deck. Made by Bill Wright (who does so much for us) and stained by Won Hwi's parents, this beam is available to the children during their regular work period. In this way, children who have a need to exercise and practice their whole body movement can do so.
*Observations*
It's observation season, but despite the flow of visitors in and out of our classroom the children are working and focused. In fact, the children are in charge of welcoming visitors, showing them where they can sit, and answering questions. This is a good opportunity for them to demonstrate their ownership of the classroom.
*Wood Working*
The Juniper children now have the option to do some wood working tasks in Juniper's yard. We have set up a log that they can use for hammering, drilling and sanding. So far the children have been very excited to use it, often queuing-up to wait for their turn. For more information, ask your child!
Live Oak
We are seeing some great lunches coming to school and wanted to share with everyone.
1. Salmon, baked potato and raw vegetable.
2. Beans and rice, raw green beans and fruit.
3. Fried rice with vegetables, fruit and crackers.
4. Chicken salad sandwich with spinach leaves and fruit.
5. Dolmas, rice and fruit.
6. Burrito, fruit, whole peas.
It makes us very happy to see the children involved in their lunch making and decisions.
Please help us demonstrate the model for healthy eating and a healthy planet by sending only nutritious foods in re-usable or biodegradable containers.
If you missed Ginnie Sackett the other evening you really missed an awesome evening.
Her directness and message about our children was very clear. The benefits of raising children using Montessori methods work and don’t miss the periods of growth that are necessary to a child’s development.
Don’t forget a week from Tuesday. Please mark it on your calendar. November 7 at 5:30 is dinner here at the Rosemary House. Then we have a great evening of fun planned for you in our classroom as we discover the materials the way the children do and see the progression from 2 years through elementary.
If you haven’t heard, we have a new child in our class. We welcome Lucy Clifford and her family to Live Oak.
Magnolia
All of the children have been enjoying working in the outdoor classroom. The most popular job seems to be cloth washing, especially scrubbing the dirty clothes against the washboard.
Happy birthday to Isaiah—we shared a lovely fruit snack together on his 5th birthday.
We have also been busy getting ready for our Halloween festival. The children made festive bags to hold all their crafts and goodies as well as carved pumpkins. Thank you Katya, Isa's mom, for helping us with this.
We have begun learning the various names for the anatomy of the fish, and we will have a surprise live fishy guest next week from Ms. Olivares’s house to help us with our study.
Mulberry
The Mulberry class has been getting ready for our Halloween celebration this Friday October 27. We carved a large pumpkin on Thursday. A lot of the children didn't want to touch the slimy seeds. After we carved the pumpkin Megan and Nico drew on the pumpkin with glitter paint pens. Thank you to all of the parents who have contributed pumpkins for our patch and have helped us prepare for our Halloween celebration.
For sound of the week we had glasses, goggles and a ghost. Next week’s sound is "H".
A reminder to all parents to label everything. Tish labeled Blair’s nap blanket bag with a picture of Blair. What a great idea! Now Blair recognizes her own blanket without help.
Quote of the week from Infants and Toddlers Magazine: Freedom to Move. If we observe young ones, it becomes obvious that they need to move. Freedom of movement feeds the developing brain as surely as nutrition does, and your baby needs a steady diet of exploration. Create a safe, interesting home environment, and get out of the way! Sometimes the adult can be a roadblock to learning.
Song of the week:
The witch is here to stay, the witch is here to stay.
Hi ho, it's Halloween,
The witch is here to stay.
The witch takes the cat, the witch takes the cat
Hi ho, it's Halloween,
The witch takes the cat.
The cat takes the bat...…
The bat takes the ghost......
The ghost takes the pumpkin.......
Redwood
The elementary children went to Half Moon Bay to visit Anos Nuevos Flowers and Pumpkin Patch. It was a great field trip! The farm has 17 different varieties of pumpkins! The children each got 4 pumpkins for $5.00! They got a gigantic pumpkin (thank you, Mr. Brown, for carrying these pumpkins that weighed up to 40 lbs.), a white pumpkin, a Cinderella pumpkin, and a sweet baby pumpkin! We learned about the irrigation system...they use a rain-filled reservoir to water the flowers and the pumpkins. And they are making the transition to an all organic farm! We had lunch on the farm and then headed for the beach. The children had so much fun running from the waves and getting their legs wet. It was so exciting for the children to visit a place they don't normally get to go to! On the way we passed a trout farm and some commercialized pumpkin patches. The children, due to the long drive, were in awe of the many other pumpkin patches; however, when we finally got to the farm and they saw the pumpkins, it was so worth it! We saw pumpkins that were blue! We saw pumpkins that looked as if they had peanut shells sprayed on them! We saw pumpkins that were swirled with blues and greens! Thank you so much to Heidi, Laura, and Marcia for driving